“Baha’u’llah’s Family Chart
Posted: April 22, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentNote : Below is the Detail of the Family Members of Baha’u’llah. Interesting to note that many members of Bahaullah’s family were Ex-Communicated by Abdul Baha and Shoghi Effendi
Mirza Husayn Ali Commonly called “Baha” or “Baha’u’llah” was the founder and pro phet of the Bahá’í Faith. He was born in 1817 to Khadíjih Khánum and MírzáBuzurg of Nur (in the province of Mazandaran), a Persian man, and went on to be a follower of Islam than follower in the Bábí movement/Faith, and then established the Bahá’í Faith in 1863.
He married:
A. Asiya
B. BiBi Fatima
C. Gawhar
A. Asiya surnamed Nawwaba (Highness)
Asiya is stated to have been surnamed the mother of the Universe. This is denied by the followers of Mirza Muhammad Ali and dismissed as devoid of historical foundation.
To his first wife (Asiya) he gave the title Nawwaba, because she was the daughter of Nawwab of Tehran (Al‐Kawakib‐al‐Durriyya by Awara, vol. II., p. 4; Materials,p. 62).
Ásíyih was “Bahá’u’llá h”’s first and best‐known wife. She was a daughter of a nobleman, Mirza Isma’il‐i‐Vazir. Her date of birth is not known. They married some time between 24 September and 22 October, 1835 in Tehran and she had seven of “Bahá’u’lláh”’s children, of whom only three made to adulthood. She was given the title Navváb by which she is best known within Bahá’í circles. She died in 1886 in `Akká.
She bore him:
1. Abbas
2. Bahiyya or Sultan
3. Mírzá Mihdí
Navváb bore at l east three other children, but due to their early deaths little is known about them
• Sádiq who died aged 3‐4
• Alí Muhammad who died in Mázandarán at the age of 7
• Alí Muhammad who was born and died in Baghdad at the age of 2
1. Abbas
Born in 1844 and died 1921 He was the oldest child of Ásíyih and “Bahá’u’ll á h”.He was variously referred to by “Bahá’u’lláh” as “Mystery of God”, “The Master”,”Perfect Exemplar” and “the Most Great Branch”. “Abdu’l‐Bahá” went on to be the Centre of the Covenant of the Bahá’í Faith after the death of His father.
During this time, he bore attacks from his half‐brother Muhammad `Alí, who was not given a leadership role or authority by “Bahá’u’lláh”. Muhammad `Alí claimed that “Abdu’l‐Bahá” was taking on too much authority; Bahá’ís refute this claim by citing “Bahá’u’lláh”’s Lawh‐i‐Ghusn (Tablet of the Branch) (National SpiritualAssembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States (ed.) [1943] (1976). Bahá’í World
Faith: Selected Wri tings of Báha’u’lláh and Abdu’l‐Bahá, pp. 204‐207), Kitáb‐i‐Ahd (The Book of the Covenant) (Bahá’u’lláh [1873‐92] (1994). Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh Revealed After the Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas, pp. 219‐223), and the Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas (The Most Holy Book) (Bahá’u’lláh [1873] (1992). The Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas: The Most Holy Book, para. 121) as clear appointments of “Abdu’l‐Bahá” as his sole successor and interpreter of his writings. The struggle led to increasingly deteriorating prison conditions until “Abdu’l‐Bahá” was released after the Turkish Revolution.
During Bahá’u’lláh’s lifetime, he referred to his eldest son, Abbás, by terms such as “Sirru’lláh” (Mystery of God), or “Sarkár‐i‐Áqá” (the Master). After the passing of “Bahá’u’lláh”, he chose the title “Abdu’l‐Bahá” (Servant of Bahá).
2. Bahiyya or Sultan surnamed the Supreme Leaf (Waraqa‐i‐Ulya).
She died a spinster.
Born in 1846 she was called Bahíyyih Khánum and entitled the Greatest holy Leaf. She was particularly dear to her father and is seen within the Bahá’í Faith as one of the greatest women to have lived:
“Verily, We have elevated thee to the rank of one of the most distinguished among thy sex, and granted thee, in My court, a station such as none other woman hath surpassed.” (Baha’u’llah, quoted in The Bahá’í World, vol. V, p.171)
She stood by and remained faithful to the Centers of the Covenant over years of infighting within the “Bahá’u’lláh”’s family that led to the expelling of many of them. Shoghi Effendi in particular felt her support during difficult times such as the passing of “Abdu’l‐Bahá”, and in the years afterwards when she was entrusted with the Faith when he was absent from the Bahá’í World Center in Haifa.
She died on 15 July 1932 was buried in the Bahá’í gardens below the Bahá’í Arc on Mount Carmel not far from her two brothers and mother. The shock to the administration meant that religious festivals were suspended for nine months.
3. Mírzá Mihdí
Mírzá Mihdí in 1868
Born in 1848 and entitled the Purest Branch, Mírzá Mihdí died on 23 June 1870.He was chanting Qasidiy‐i‐Varqa’iyyih (a poem written by “Bahá’u’lláh” in Kurdistan) (Bahá’u’lláh [1873] (1992). The Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas: The Most Holy Book,
para. 121) when he fell through a skylight in the prison city of `Akká while pacing
back and forth in prayer and meditation. He was 22 at the time.
The death is significant as Bahá’ís believe that “Bahá’u’lláh” offered him the chance of being cured, however he chose to use his life as a sacrifice so that the prison gates would open and the pilgrims would be able to visit “Bahá’u’lláh” in prison. It reflected one of the toughest times for them, but restrictions on them did lift in the years to come with them eventually being allowed to live a short distance outside the prison city.
Mírzá Mihdí was eventually buried alongside his mother in the gardens below the
Bahá’í Arc on Mount Carmel in Haifa near his brother and sister.
B. BiBi Fatima surnamed the Supreme Cradle (Mahd‐i‐Ulya),
Fatima surnamed the Supreme Cradle (Mahd‐i‐Ulya) born in 1828 and generally known as Mahd‐i‐’Ulya, Fatimih was one of “Bahá’u’lláh”’s first cousins, and later become his second wife. They married in 1849 in Tehran and she had six of Bahá’u’lláh’s children, of whom only four survived to adulthood. She was said to have harbored great enmity towards “Abdu’l‐Bahá”. She died in 1904, BiBi Fatima and her four children were excommunicated by “Abbas Effendi”. To his second wife (BiBi Fatima) he gave the title ‘The Supreme Cradle’ [a title reserved for the Queen‐Mother in Iran, T.A p. 361] (al‐Kawakib, ibid, p.8; Materials,p.63)
She bore him:
4. Muhammad Ali
5. Samadiyya
6. Ziyaullah
7. Badiullah
BiBi Fatima (Mahd‐i‐’Ulya) bore at least two other children:
• `Alí Muhammad who died at the age of 2 in Baghdad
• Sádhajiyya Khánim who was born in Baghdad and died at the age of 2 in
Constantinople
4. Muhammad Ali
Born in Baghdad in approximately 1852, his father called him the “Greater Branch”. When “Bahá’u’lláh” declared “Abdu’l‐Bahá” his successor, he set that Muhammad `Alí was next in rank after him. (Bahá’u’lláh [1873‐92] (1994). Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh Revealed After the Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas, p. 221). When “Abdu’l‐Bahá” died, his Will went into great detail about how Muhammad `Alí had been unfaithful to the Covenant, labelling him a Covenant‐breaker (`Abdu’l‐Bahá [1901‐08] (1992). The Will And Testament of ‘Abdu’l‐Bahá, p. 5), and appointing Shoghi Effendi his successor instead.
Muhammad `Alí is often described as the “Arch‐Breaker of Bahá’u’lláh’s Covenant” (Shoghi Effendi (1944). God Passes By, p. 263 & p.317). He died in 1937.
5. Samadiyya, (married 37)
She was born at Baghdad. Married Majdu’d‐Din (son of “Bahá’u’lláh”’s faithful brother Aqay‐i‐Kalim also known as Mirzá Musa), who was one of “Abdu’l‐Bahá”’s greatest critics. Both were eventually declared Covenant‐breakers. She died at age 49 in 1904/5 and her husband died at over one‐hundred years of age in 1955.
6. Ziyaullah
Relatively little is known about Díyá’u’lláh (Ziyaullah), so it is difficult to piece
together an accurate account of his life, but we do know:• Born 15 August 1864 in Edirne (modern day Adrianople)
• Married Thurayya
• He swayed between the two sides in his brothers’ argument, and died before taking part in an act against “Abdu’l‐Bahá”, but has still been labelled a Covenant‐breaker
• He died in 30 October 1898 (without issue) and was buried in the room
next to where “Bahá’u’lláh” was buried
• His body was moved by relatives to a building covering the grave of his
brother Muhammad `Alí
• In 1965 the Universal House of Justice removed his body from the vicinity of the Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh as an act of purification. (Bahá’u’lláh [1873‐92] (1994). Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh Revealed After the Kitáb‐i‐Aqdas, p. 221) .)
7. Badiullah
C. Gawhar,
Gawhar was “Bahá’u’lláh”’s third wife. They are said to have married in Baghdad
some time before he declared his mission. When “Bahá’u’lláh” left Baghdad in
1863 she and her daughter stayed and lived with her brother Mirza Mihdiy‐i‐
Kashani. Later, on her way to join “Bahá’u’lláh” and the family she is reported to
have been taken captive along with other believers, and for some years she was
among the Bahá’í refugees in Mosul. She later went to Akká at “Bahá’u’lláh”’s
instruction. (Letter from Universal House of Justice: 1998, Apr 06,
Memorandum re Wives of Bahá’u’lláh)
Gawhar may have been a maid of the first wife of “Bahá’u’lláh” when he married
her. (Juan Cole. A Brief Biography of Baha’u’llah)
Both mother and daughter were declared Covenant‐breakers by Mirza Abbas
Effendi after the death of “Bahá’u’lláh”. Gawhar died during the ministry of
“Abdu’l‐Bahá”, thus between 1892 and 1921.
She bore him:
8. Furughiyya
Relatively little is known about Furughiyyih so it is difficult to write a documented
account. What is known is:
• Until her mother moved to Akká, she was raised by her in the area
around Mosul
• She married Siyyid Ali (the son of the Báb’s brother‐in‐law) on 17 May
1886 and bore him two sons
• She, her husband and her children (in particular her eldest Nayyir), all
rebelled against “Abdu’l‐Bahá”’s authority as Centre of the Covenant,
and became Covenant‐breakers
• According to Shoghi Effendi she died of cancer (date unknown)
1. Abbas Married Munira, who bore him:
9. Ziyaiyya
10. Tuba
11. Ruha
12. Munawwar.
9. Hadi Afnan married Ziyaiyya (9) who bore him:
13. Shoghi
14. Ruh‐Angiz (married 25)
15. Mihr‐Angiz (married 28)
16. Husayn
17. Riyadh
13 to 15 were surnamed Rabbani. Mirza Hadi Afnan and their children (14‐17)
were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi (13), on whom the title of Effendi was
conferred by Mirza Abbas Effendi.
10. Muhsin Afnan married Tuba (10), who bore him:
18. Ruhi (married 23)
19. Suhayl
20. Thuraiyya (married 27)
Muhsin Afnan, Tuba and their children were excommunicated by Shoghi
Effendi.
11. Jalal Shahid married Ruha (11) who bore him:
21. Munir
22. Hasan
23. Zahra (married 18)
Jalal Shahid, Ruha and their children were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi.
12. Ahmad Yazdi married Munawwar (12).
No further detail found.
Ahmad Yazdi and Munawwar were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi.
8. Sayyid Ali Afnan married Furughiyya (8) who bore him:
24. Husayn
25. Nayyir (married 14)
26. Hasan (married 15)
27. Fawzi (married 20)
Sayyid Ali Afnan, and Furughiyya were excommunicated by Abbas Effendi.
Their children were excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi and Husayn
posthumously.
4. Muhammad Ali (4) married:
i) Masuma, who bore him:
28. Shuaullah
29. Aminullah
ii) Hizariyya who bore him:
30. Musa (married 35)
Mirza Muhammad Ali, his wives and children were excommunicated by Abbas
Effendi.
5. Majd‐al‐Din Musa (38) married Samadiyya (5) who bore him:
31. Maryam
32. Zar‐Azngiz
Majd‐al‐Din Musa, Samadiyya and their children were excommunicated by
Abbas Effendi.
6. Ziyaullah (6) married Thuraiyya Samandar.
No further detail found.
Ziyaullah and his wife were excommunicated by Abbas Effendi
7. Badiullah married Aliya, who bore him:
33. Sazitch
34. Salah
35. Ghamar married
36. Iffat
37. Ismat (married Jalal Azal)
Badiullah, Aliya and their children were excommunicated by Abbas Effendi.
Baha’s full brother Musa surnamed Kalim (Interlocutor) because he talked with
god, “Baha”.
His children:
38. Majd‐al Din (married 5)
39. Jamil
40. Jalal / Jaleh
41. Hizaiyya (married 4)
Note:
One of “Bahá’u’lláh”’s titles is Sadratu’l‐Muntahá, which translates from Arabic
as the tree beyond which there is no passing. In this connection, “Bahá’u’lláh”
entitled his descendants as follows:
His male descendants were given the title of Aghsán (Arabic for “Branches”)
which in singular form is “Ghusn”. In particular, three of his sons were given
specific “branch” titles • `Abdu’l‐Bahá (given name, Abbás): Ghuṣn‐i‐A`ẓam (Arabic) “The Most
Great Branch”)
• Mírzá Muhammad `Alí: Ghus
̣
n‐i‐Akbar, (Arabic) “The Greater Branch”)
(Note1)
• Mírzá Mihdí: Ghus
̣
n‐i‐Áthár, (Arabic) “The Purest Branch”).
His daughters were given the title of Afnán (translated from Arabic as “Leaves”).
This title should not be confused with the Afnán title given by “Bahá’u’lláh” to
the maternal relatives of the “Báb”, which is translated as “twigs”, and was
adopted by their descendants as a surname. Thus “Bahá’u’lláh”’s eldest
daughter, Bahíyyih (given name, Fatimih), was given the title of the Greatest Holy
Leaf.
Note 1:
Ghusn‐i‐A‘ẓam and Ghusn‐i‐Akbar can both be translated as “the gr eat branch,
“the greater branch” or “the most great branch”. A‘ẓam carries a higher status in
Arabic, so Bahá’í authors and others translate `Abdu’l‐Bahá’s title as “Most
Great” and Muhammad `Alí’s title as “Greater” (Taherzadeh, 2000, p. 256.).
Some authors have reversed the English translations (Maulana, 1933, p.56).
However the designations of Ghusn‐i‐A‘ẓam and Ghusn‐i‐Akbar are clear.
(Browne, 1918, p. 61, & p. 85)
Baha’i Temples: Living proof that Baha’i activities are based on promoting Baha’ism and not humanitarian issues.
Posted: February 28, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentCourtesy : https://www.reddit.com/r/exbahai/comments/7adirv/bahai_temples_living_proof_that_bahai_activities/
The Baha’i temples, in theory, were supposed to be centers with these humanitarian facilities:
‘Abdu’l-Bahá also referred to the dependencies to be established as part of the Mashriqu’l-Adhkár complex, including a hospital, a drug dispensary for the poor, a travelers’ hospice, a school for orphans, a home for the infirm and disabled, a university for advanced studies, and “other philanthropic buildings” open to people of all races, ethnic backgrounds, and religions. These dependencies were later described by Shoghi Effendi, in general terms, as “institutions of social service” that relieve suffering, sustain the poor, and provide shelter, solace, and education (http://www.bahai-encyclopedia-project.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70:mashriqul-adhkar&catid=36:administrationinstitutions)
None of these facilities exist in any Baha’i temple, instead millions of dollars are wasted on some superstructure designed to gain interest in Baha’ism and subsequent proselytization.
The fact that Baha’i temples are built to generate interest in the religion among the public at large is made abundantly clear in numerous writings.
For example, on June 13, 1956, a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to the National Spiritual Assembly of Australia and New Zealand stated “Repercussions of the Chicago Temple are felt everywhere, and the same is becoming increasingly true of the Shrine. One single edifice, raised to the glory of Bahá’u’lláh, shines like a beacon and attracts the hearts of the people; no doubt many seeds are sown just through the act of people visiting these edifices – seeds which in the future will germinate. It is because of this that he is very eager to have the Australian one commenced as soon as circumstances permit.”
The Bahá’í Administrative Order uses news stories of Mashriqu’l-Adhkár very astutely to generate media attention. A Google News search for the term “Bahá’í” shows a predominance of news stories regarding Bahá’í temples and discrimination. Otherwise, the Bahá’í Faith generates little to no interest
Baha’i Deceptive Children’s Classes
Posted: February 28, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentWhy I Joined and Left the Baha’i Faith
Posted: February 28, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentI was introduced to the Baha’i faith during my first year in college, by my next-door neighbor in my dorm. I decided to attend a Baha’i meeting because it sounded interesting. I had always been very interested in various religions and philosophies ever since I was old enough to begin exploring these things for myself. The Baha’is I met at the meeting seemed like nice people, and they held an idealistic view of human potential, emphasizing ideas such as world peace, racial reconciliation, and respect for all major religions. I would say that two things attracted me most to the Baha’is and their religion: the people themselves and their optimistic spirit about the future of humanity.
I decided to believe in Baha’ism and join the organized Baha’i Faith after a few months of studying the religion and socializing with Baha’is. Looking back, I would say that there were many details of Baha’i beliefs and practices that I wasn’t aware of when I joined, which if I had known about might have prevented me from joining their religious organization. It was the overall spirit of the Baha’is and their faith – the big picture view – that drew me in, and at that time I probably would not have even wanted to know anything about the Baha’i Faith that would have turned me off from it!
Throughout my college years, I was an active and serious Baha’i. I participated in local Baha’i community meetings and Baha’i college club meetings. I followed the religion’s rituals of daily prayer and the annual period of fasting. I enthusiastically tried to share my Baha’i faith with other people, because Baha’is place a great emphasis on “teaching” the faith (trying to educate people about the existence of the Baha’i faith and encourage them to study it and join). I even went on two Baha’i “teaching trips” to a rural, impoverished area where we attempted to befriend and evangelize Native Americans and other people living in poverty. I also wrote a draft of an introductory book presenting the Baha’i faith for a Christian audience (but I left the faith before seeking a publisher).
Al-Kitāb Al-Aqdas: Elder & Miller Translation
Posted: February 28, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentPosted from Reddit.com
There was a post made here a while back asking about if this translation of the Bahá’í The Most Holy Book — perhaps the most honest and relibable translation — was available online or if someone could upload it. I looked, and I was unable to find this entire translation online with the introduction and all the notes. I was only able to find assorted quotations and analyses, and I also found this which is a multilinear translation of the Aqdas with the authorized Haifan Bahá’í translation, Haddad’s translation, and the Elder & Miller translation. The E & M translation however wasn’t available as a full document, so I took the liberty tonight of pasting each passage and organizing them all into a PDF for convenience’s sake.
You can view it here:
AL-KITAB AL-AQDAS: ELDER & MILLER TRANS.
I hope this is useful for you all.
The differences between it and the authorized translation I read when I was a Bahá’í were quite shocking.
When/If I get my hands on the physical copy of this translation, I’ll post one with the introduction and the notes.
Please point out any mistakes I made in my transcription, and I will fix them as soon as I can.
What I particularly like about the Elder & Miller translation is that it uses contemporary English. The 1992 translation commissioned by Universal House of Justice unnecessarily uses words like “hath,” “heareth,” “thy,” and “ye” in an attempt to mimic the tone of the King James Version of the Bible.
How do the Bahá’ís reckon that two differing translations of the same text can be authoritative lol? Thank you for sharing this.
Selections from the Writings of the Báb was compiled and published in 1976 by the Universal House of Justice, sixteen years before the Universal House of Justice published the full Kitáb-i-Aqdas in 1992.
The use of alternate wording is likely the result of a new committee with new authority.
What is further odd is that for a definitive, religious text, the translation to other languages was conducted through the English version and not the original Arabic. This is a practice justified with some dubious reasoning.
Speaking of SWB I noticed this very interesting passage when I was copying this translation:
These are the stipulations of God. Do not transgress them because of your own passions. Follow what you are commanded to do by the Rising-place of Explanation (al- Bayan)
(p. 9).
From this is it is clear that Bahá did not abrogate Bayán and that with whatever he did not specifically override of Bayán it is incumbent for Bahá’ís to follow the Bayán where Bahá is unspecific. This is further demonstrated by the fact that Bahá’s laws are essentially a rehash of the Bayán, and he also states in a 1862 letter:
I swear by God that if any one of the People of the Bayan were to mention that the Book [i.e. Bayan] is abrogated, may God smash the mouth of the speaker and the calumniator, and by him who holds my soul and myself in his hands one letter from the Bayan is the most loved with me than all that are in the heavens and on the earth
(http://www.bayanic.com/notes/Abbas/AbbasWill-06.html).
In a letter to Sayyid Ibrahim he says:
Consider bygone ages and reflect upon what god had inflicted on their peoples for having contended amongst themselves, for having turned aside from His Countenance, for having strayed away from His path, for having done wrong to His Cause, and for having associated any creature with the Sovereign of His Unity, for which they were of the perished. Have you ever heard religion of god to exist before it is confirmed, or commandment of god to be abrogated before it becomes manifest? ….. Nay, by my lord, the lord of heavens, no one can abrogate one letter from that which has been revealed in the Bayan …..
(http://www.bayanic.com/notes/pretenders/pretenders-5-3.html)
Bahá’í translations neglect often to shed light on the original Arabic/Persian that is in the texts. In the authorized translation it reads, concealing the meaning:
These, verily, are the Laws of God; transgress them not at the prompting of your base and selfish desires. Observe ye the injunctions laid upon you by Him Who is the Dawning-place of Utterance
(p. 29).
How then can Bahá’ís follow what their leader told them to follow, the Bayán, if it is not available for them in other languages such as English, except in “selections” which don’t even encompass all the laws revealed in it?!
Did Bahá In His Mind Abrogate Bayán?
The next individual to be elected to the Universal House of Justice will be Juan Francisco Mora.
Posted: February 28, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentCourtesy : Reddit.com
The next individual to be elected to the Universal House of Justice will be Juan Francisco Mora.
In the Bahá’í electoral system, with no overt campaigning and politicking permitted, the exposure of potential candidates to electors is a premium. The nine members of the International Teaching Centre routinely travel throughout the world, giving them vital face-time with members of the National Spiritual Assemblies who serve as electors for the Universal House of Justice. In fact, every single one of the current members of the Universal House of Justice previously served as a Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre.
With the turnover of the Universal House of Justice’s nine members and with the International Teaching Centre‘s being composed of nine members, some of whom are women and therefore ineligible for election to the Universal House of Justice, a man’s appointment to the International Teaching Centre serves as a presumption to eventual election to the Universal House of Justice.
To illustrate further, in a letter dated October 20, 2008, the Universal House of Justice called for a series of 41 Regional Conferences intended to mark the mid-point of the Five Year Plan and motivate participants to re-dedicate themselves to the goals of the Plan upon returning home. The Regional Conferences were held from November 1, 2008 through March 1, 2009.
Each of the 41 Rregional Conferences was attended by two Counsellor members of the International Teaching Centre with the exception of the Conference held at Uvira, the Democratic Republic of Congo, which had only one representative. The Counsellor members of the International Teaching Centre at the time of the Regional Conferences were Juan Francisco Mora, Ayman Rouhani, Stephen Hall, Stephen Birkland, Zenaida Ramirez, Joan Lincoln, Rachel Ndegwa, Uransaikhan Baatar, and Penelope Walker.
Of this cohort of Counsellors, the five lady members (Zenaida Ramirez, Joan Lincoln, Rachel Ndegwa, Uransaikhan Baatar, and Penelope Walker) were ineligible for election to the Universal House of Justice.
Of the four male members at the time of the 41 Regional Conferences (Juan Francisco Mora, Ayman Rouhani, Stephen Hall, and Stephen Birkland), all but Juan Francisco Mora have already been elected to the Universal House of Justice. Given that he has had more exposure to the electors of the Universal House of Justice than any other current male Counsellor member of the International Teaching Centre, it stands to reasonably assume with a high degree of confidence that Juan Francisco Mora will become the next individual elected to the Universal House of Justice once a vacancy opens.
In practice, the Bahá’í electoral system most closely resembles council democracy as it still exists in Cuba, wherein individuals elect Local Spiritual Assemblies, who then elect National Spiritual Assemblies, who then elect the Universal House of Justice. With no politicking or partisanship allowed, there is little turnover in leadership and Universal House of Justice members almost invariably serve until retirement or death. In the people’s democracies of the Eastern Bloc, these career bureaucrats were known as the nomenklatura.
Out of curiosity, how do people get appointed to the International Teaching Centre? What’s the most typical background, and how are they recruited?
Normally, only Continental Counselors gets appointed to the ITC. These Counselors were ABMs before being promoted to the CBC. Before being an ABM they were assistants to ABMs. And only a ‘Tested Believer’ is chosen to work for the ABM.
To illustrate your point…
Current Members of the International Teaching Centre
| Name | Date Appointed | Previous Assignment as Continental Counsellor |
|---|---|---|
| Rachel Ndegwa | 2003 | Africa, 2000 – 2003 |
| Uransaikhan Baatar | 2008 | Asia, 2000 – 2008 |
| Juan Francisco Mora | 2008 | Americas, 2005 – 2008 |
| Praveen Kumar Mallik | 2010 | Asia, 2006 – 2010 |
| Ramchand Coonjul | 2013 | Africa, 2010 – 2013 |
| Antonella Demonte | 2013 | Europe, 2010 – 2013 |
| Andrej Donoval | 2013 | Europe, 2010 – 2013 |
| Alison Milston | 2013 | Americas, 2008 – 2013 |
| Mehranguiz Farid Tehrani | 2013 | Asia, 2005 – 2013 |
[–]Dale_Husband_HS 2 points
The Baha’i election process is worthless!
Bab’s second wife Fátimih Khánum was a Covenant Breaker!
Posted: February 25, 2018 Filed under: Uncategorized Leave a commentFáṭimih Khánum (1822-1916) was an Isfahání girl who was the second wife of the Báb. Fáṭimih was the sister of a prominent Bábí, Mullá Rajab-‘Alí. She was married around 1847 aged twenty-five, to serve the Báb during His sojourn to Isfahán. In Persia, it was regarded as dishonourable for a woman to serve a man unless she was not related to him. The couple had no children, and after the Báb left Isfahán she did not accompany Him. After His martyrdom, despite the fact that the Báb asked His wives not remarry, Fáṭimih Khánum married Azal for one month, until he divorced her and gave her to Siyyid Muhammad Isfahání. Fáṭimih agreed to these marriages, and is therfore a Covenant Breaker.
Reference : https://bahaikipedia.org/F%C3%A1timih_Kh%C3%A1num_(wife_of_the_B%C3%A1b)
[–]A35821361 2 points
[–]A35821361 2 points
[–]A35821361 2 points
As an aside, the same letter, written by Shoghi Effendi’s wife Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, also states “Regarding the question of capital punishment, provision is made for it in the Aqdas, but this is not the time to go into details. When the Aqdas is promulgated and the House of Justice comes into being will be the time to go into these matters in greater detail. For the present they should be given no publicity.
In 1973 a “Synopsis and Codification” of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, the central book of the Bahá’í Faith written by Bahá’u’lláh, was published in English by the Universal House of Justice, with 21 passages of the Aqdas that had already been translated into English by Shoghi Effendi with additional terse lists of laws and ordinances contained in the book outside of any contextual prose.
The Aqdas was only officially translated into English in 1992, by which time other translations, such as one by the Royal Asiatic Society published in 1961, were becoming increasingly available through dissemination via the internet. My personal opinion is that the material in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas is so objectionable that the Bahá’í authorities wished to shield Western believers from its contents, as they do from Bahá’u’lláh’s other works by not providing translations.